A Cross-Layer Reliability and Resource Management Model for Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

• Arjun Menon

  Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Department of Computer Science and Applications, Ettimadai Road, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

  Author

• Ariful Islam

  Dhaka, Bnagladesh

  Author

• Rohit Chatterjee

  Presidency University Bangalore, School of Computer Science, Itgalpur Rajanakunte, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

  Author

• Vivek Narang

  Gandhi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Department of Information Technology, Gunupur Main Road, Rayagada, Odisha, India

  Author

Vehicular ad hoc networks support cooperative safety, traffic efficiency, and automated driving by enabling vehicles and roadside units to exchange time-sensitive messages under high mobility, fast channel fluctuations, and spatially correlated interference. Ultra-reliable low-latency communication targets stringent reliability and latency constraints that are difficult to satisfy using decoupled physical, link, network, and application-layer designs. This paper develops a cross-layer reliability and resource management model that ties physical-layer waveform and coding choices to medium access, queueing behavior, scheduling, and path selection under realistic vehicular dynamics. The modeling objective is to expose the quantitative couplings that determine end-to-end latency violation probability and packet loss while accounting for short packets, finite blocklength coding, bursty arrivals, and heterogeneous service requirements observed in safety beacons, cooperative perception streams, and control loops. The approach introduces a reliability budget that is distributed among layers and along routes, coupled with a latency budget that is decomposed into processing, access, transmission, and propagation components. The formulation enables system-level optimization incorporating per-link success probability, re-transmission policies, and congestion-sensitive scheduling, with consistent treatment of mobility and interference. Analytical developments are complemented with tractable surrogates to enforce nonconvex constraints arising from queue stability and outage coupling. The resulting model supports scalable control policies with explicit tunable trade-offs among reliability, latency, energy, and spectrum occupancy, and it clarifies how modest adjustments in access probability, coding rate, and queue thresholds can reshape end-to-end performance even under severe vehicular mobility. The presentation emphasizes neutral interpretation of outcomes and highlights practical feasibility considerations for deployment.

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